Weltreligionen

 

Die Weltreligionen! Die 5 grössten Weltreligionen sind: Christentum, Judentum, Islam, Buddhismus und Hinduismus. Das Christentum Christen glauben an den einen Gott, der den Menschen in drei verschiedenen Weisen begegnet (Trinität Gottes): 1. Als Schöpfer des Himmels und der Erde. 2. Als Erlöser und Sohn Gottes in Jesus Christus. 3. Als Heiliger Geist, durch den jeder Mensch eine persönliche Beziehung (=Glaube) zu Gott bekommen kann. Die Bibel gilt als Grundlage und Offenbarungsquelle Gottes. Etwa 33 Prozent der Weltbevölkerung bezeichnen sich als Christen. Das Judentum Juden glauben an den einen Gott, der den Himmel und alles auf dieser Erde geschaffen hat. Das Alte Testament ist ihr heiliges Buch, in dem sich Gott offenbart hat. Die Juden gelten als Gottes auserwähltes Volk und Gott zeigt sich ihnen im konkreten geschichtlichen Handeln. Juden erwarten den von Gott gesandten Messias, der die Menschen erlösen wird von allen Bösen und wahren Frieden bringen wird. Etwa 0,3 Prozent der Weltbevölkerung bezeichnen sich als Juden. Der Islam Muslime glauben an den einen Gott, der der Schöpfer des Himmels und der Erde ist, und an den einen Propheten Mohammed. Mohammed gilt als der wahre und letzte Prophet, dem sich Gott offenbart hat. Im Koran, dem heiligen Buch der Muslime, ist Gottes Wille festgelegt. Gott fordert nach dem Koran von jedem Menschen die Unterwerfung unter seinen Willen. Die fünf Säulen des Islam, die jeder gläubige Moslem in seinem Leben zu erfüllen hat, sind: 1. Das Glaubensbekenntnis zu Allah und seinem Propheten Mohammed. 2. Das fünfmalige, tägliche Gebet. 3. Das Almosengeben (Geld für Arme). 4. Das Einhalten des Fastenmonats Ramadan. 5. Eine Pilgerfahrt nach Mekka zum Heiligtum der Muslime. Etwa 20 Prozent der Weltbevölkerung bezeichnen sich als Muslime. Der Buddhismus Der Begründer des Buddhismus war Prinz Siddharte Gautama, der im 4. Jahrhundert vor Christus im heutigen Nepal lebte. Er wurde später "Buddha" (der Erleuchtete) genannt und fand heraus, dass das Elend aller Menschen darin liege, dass sie Macht, Erfolg, Geld und Bequemlichkeit suchten. Durch die Meditation, Erleuchtung und Erkenntnis sollen Menschen dazu kommen, nicht mehr nach diesen Dingen zu suchen. Wer das geschafft habe, der erlöse sich selbst und komme ins "Nirwana", dem Ort der grossen Ruhe. Die Aufgabe den Menschen liege darin, in einem guten, entsagungsbereiten Leben alle Begierden zu überwinden, um dann schliesslich aus dem Kreislauf der Wiedergeburten erlöst zu werden und ins "Nirwana" einzugehen. Etwa 6 Prozent der Weltbevölkerung bezeichnen sich als Buddhisten. Der Hinduismus Im 9. Jahrhundert vor Christus entstanden in Indien die verschiedenen Religionen der Hindus, die man insgesamt als "Hinduismus" bezeichnet. Es gab keinen besonderen Gründer. Nach der Lehre des Hinduismus bilden alle Lebewesen eine grosse Stufenleiter, die bei den Pflanzen beginnt und bei den höchsten Göttern endet. Es gibt verschiedene Gottheiten. Die Menschheit ist eingeteilt in verschiedene Gruppen (die sogenannten "Kasten"), was mit den guten oder bösen Taten der Menschen, auch aus dem vorigen Leben, zu tun hat. Wer gut handelt, steigt in seinem nächsten Leben in eine höhere Kaste auf. Die Seele wandert, so der Hinduismus, nach dem Tod in ein anderes Lebewesen. Diese Seelenwanderung hört erst dann auf, wenn der Mensch die höchste Gruppe erreicht hat und den Freuden und Leiden dieser Welt entsagen kann. Als Hindus bezeichnen sich etwa 13 Prozent der Weltbevölkerung. --- Hier ist eine andere interessante Auflistung: Afghanistan Islam (Sunni 84%, Shi'ite 15%, other 1%) Albania Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% Algeria 99% Islam (Sunni) Andorra Roman Catholic Angola Roman Catholic 47%, Protestant 38%, Indigenous 15% Antigua and Barbuda Anglican and Roman Catholic Argentina Roman Catholic 92%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4% Armenia Armenian Orthodox 94% Australia Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26.0%, other Christian 24.3% Austria Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9% Azerbaijan Muslim 87%, Russian Orthodox 5.6%, Armenian Orthodox 2% Bahamas Baptist 29%, Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 22%, others Bahrain Islam Bangladesh Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, Buddhist, Christian, other Barbados Anglican 40%, Methodist 7%, Pentecostal 8%, Roman Catholic 4% Belarus Orthodoxy is predominant Belgium Roman Catholic 75% Belize Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% Benin indigenous 70%, Christian 15%, Islam 15% Bhutan Buddhist 75%, Hindu 25% Bolivia Roman Catholic 85% Bosnia and Herzegovina Slavic Muslim 44%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 6% Botswana indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% Brazil Roman Catholic 90% (nominal) Brunei Darussalam Islam (official religion) 67%, Buddhist 12%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs and other 12% Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5% Burkina Faso Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%, indigenous beliefs 40% Burundi Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%, indigenous 32% Cambodia Theravada Buddhist 95%, others 5% Cameroon 51% indigenous beliefs, 33% Christian, 16% Muslim Canada Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10% Cape Verde Roman Catholic fused with indigenous beliefs Central African Republic indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant and Roman Catholic with animist influence 50%, Muslim 15%, other 11% Chad Islam 44%, Christian 33%, traditional 23% Chile Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, small Jewish and Muslim populations China Officially atheist but traditional religion contains elements of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism Colombia Roman Catholic 95% Comoros Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14% Congo Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2% Congo, Democratic Republic of the Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Islam 10%; syncretic and traditional, 10% Costa Rica Roman Catholic 95% Côte d'Ivoire indigenous 60%, Islam 23%, Christian 17% Croatia Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others 10.8% Cuba at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Cyprus Greek Orthodox 78%, Sunni Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, Latin, and others 4% Czech Republic atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4% Denmark Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% Djibouti Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Dominica Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% Dominican Republic Roman Catholic 90% East Timor Roman Catholic (91.4%), Protestant (2.6%), Muslim (1.7%), Hindu (0.3%), Buddhist (0.1%) Ecuador Roman Catholic 95% Egypt Islam 94%, Christian (mostly Coptic) 6% El Salvador Roman Catholic Equatorial Guinea Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Eritrea Islam and Eritrean Orthodox Christianity Estonia Lutheran 78%, Orthodox 19% Ethiopia Ethiopian Orthodox 35%–40%, Islam 40%–45%, animist 15%–20%, other 5% Fiji Christian 52%, Hindu 38%, Islam 8%, other 2% Finland Evangelical Lutheran 90%, Greek Orthodox 1.2%, none 9%, other 1% France Roman Catholic 81%, Protestant 1.7%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 1.3% Gabon Catholic 75%, Protestant 20%, Animist 4% Gambia, The Islam 90%, Christian 9%, traditional 1% Georgia Georgian Orthodox 65%, Russian Orthodox 10%, Armenian Orthodox 8%, Muslim 11% Germany Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 1.7%, Unaffiliated or other 26.3% Ghana indigenous beliefs 38%, Islam 30%, Christian 24% Greece Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7% Grenada Roman Catholic 64%, Anglican 21% Guatemala Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mayan Guinea Islam 85%, indigenous 7%, Christian 8% Guinea-Bissau traditional 65%, Islam 30%, Christian 5% Guyana Hindu 34%, Protestant 18%, Islam 9%, Roman Catholic 18%, Anglican 16% Haiti Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16%, Vaudou 95% Honduras Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant minority Hungary Roman Catholic 67.5%, Protestant 25%, atheist and others 7.5% Iceland Church of Iceland (Evangelical Lutheran) 96%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, none 1% India Hindu 82.6%, Islam 11.3%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhists 0.71%, Jains 0.48% Indonesia Islam 87%, Christian 9%, Hindu 2%, other 2% Iran Shi'ite Muslim 95%, Sunni Muslim 4% Iraq Muslim 97% (Shi'ite 60%–65%, Sunni 32%–37%), Christian or other 3% Ireland Roman Catholic 93%, Anglican 3%, none 1%, unknown 2%, other 1% Israel Judaism 82%, Islam 14%, Christian 2%, others 2% Italy Roman Catholic 98%, other 2% Jamaica Protestant 55.9%, Roman Catholic 5%, other 39.1% Japan Shintoist, Buddhist, Christian Jordan Islam 92%, Christian 6%, other 2% Kazakhstan Muslim, 47%; Russian Orthodox, 44%; Protestant, 2%; other, 7% Kenya Protestant, 40%; Roman Catholic, 36%; traditional, 6%; Islam, 16%; others, 2% Kiribati Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant 40.9% Korea, North Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities almost nonexistent Korea, South Christian, 48.2%; Buddhist, 48.8%; Confucianist, 0.8%; Chondogyo (religion of the Heavenly Way), 0.2%; other, 2% Kuwait Islam, 85% (Shi'ite 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%); Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other, 15% Kyrgyzstan Muslim, 75%; Russian Orthodox, 20%; other, 5% Laos Buddhist 85%, animist and other 15% Latvia Lutheran, Catholic, and Baptist Lebanon Islam, 60%; Christian, 40% (17 recognized sects); Judaism, negl. (1 sect) Lesotho Christian, 80%; indigenous beliefs, Muslim, and Bahai Liberia traditional 70%, Christian 10%, Islam 20% Libya Islam Liechtenstein Roman Catholic, 80%; Protestant, 6.9%; unknown, 5.6%; other, 7.5% Lithuania Catholic 85%, others include Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Protestant, evangelical Christian Baptist, Islam, Judaism Luxembourg Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3% Macedonia Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30% Madagascar traditional 52%, Christian 41%, Islam 7% Malawi Christian 75%, Islam 20% Malaysia Malays (all Muslims), Chinese (predominantly Buddhists), Indians (predominantly Hindus) Maldives Islam (Sunni Muslim) Mali Islam 90%, traditional 9%, Christian 1% Malta Roman Catholic 98% Marshall Islands predominantly Christian, mostly Protestant Mauritania Islam Mauritius Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3%, Islam 16.6%, other 3.1% Mexico nominally Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3% Moldova Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) Monaco Roman Catholic 95% Mongolia predominantly Tibetan Buddhist; Islam about 4% Morocco Islam 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2% Mozambique traditional 60%, Christian 30%, Islam 10% Myanmar Buddhist 89.5%, Christian 4.9%, Muslim 3.8%, Hindu 0.05%, Animist 1.3% Namibia Predominantly Christian Nauru Protestant 58%, Roman Catholic 24%, Confucian and Taoist 8% Nepal Hindu 90%, Buddhist 5%, Islam 3% The Netherlands Roman Catholic 34%, Protestant 25%, Muslim 3%, other 2%, unaffiliated 36% New Zealand Christian 81%, none or unspecified 18%, Hindu, Confucian, and other 1% Nicaragua Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant 5% Niger Islam 80%, Animist and Christian 20% Nigeria Islam 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous 10% Norway Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% Oman Islam 95% Pakistan Islam 97%, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist, Parsi Palau Christian. About one-third of the islanders observe Modekngei religion, indigenous to Palau Palestinian State (proposed) West Bank: Muslim 75%, Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%; Gaza Strip: Muslim 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6% Panama Roman Catholic over 93%, Protestant 6% Papua New Guinea over half are Christian, remainder indigenous Paraguay Roman Catholic 90% Peru Roman Catholic The Philippines Roman Catholic 84%, Protestant 10%, Islam 5%, Buddhist and other 3% Poland Roman Catholic 95% (about 75% practicing), Russian Orthodox, Protestant, and other 5% Portugal Roman Catholic 97%, 1% Protestant, 2% other Qatar Islam 95% Romania Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6% (of which 3% are Uniate), Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18% Russia Russian Orthodox, Muslim, others Rwanda Roman Catholic 56%, Protestant 18%, Islam 1%, Animist 25% St. Lucia Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3% St. Vincent and The Grenadines Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13% Samoa Christian 99.7% San Marino Roman Catholic São Tomé and Príncipe Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist Saudi Arabia Islam 100% Senegal Islam 92%, indigenous 6%, Christian 2% Seychelles Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8% Sierra Leone Islam 40%, Christian 35%, Indigenous 20% Singapore Islam, Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Taoist Slovakia Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5% Slovenia Roman Catholic 70.8% (including 2% Uniate), Lutheran 1%, Muslim 1%, other 27.2% Solomon Islands Anglican, Roman Catholic, South Seas Evangelical, Seventh-Day Adventist, United (Methodist) Church, other Protestant Somalia Islam (Sunni) South Africa Christian; Hindu; Islam Spain Roman Catholic 99% Sri Lanka Buddhist 69%, Hindu 15%, Islam 8%, Christian 8% Sudan Islam (Sunni) 70%, indigenous 20%, Christian 5% Suriname Protestant 25.2%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Hindu 27.4%, Islam 19.6%, indigenous about 5% Swaziland Christian 60%, indigenous 40% Sweden Evangelical Lutheran 94%, Roman Catholic 1.5%, Pentecostal 1%, other 3.5% Switzerland Roman Catholic 49%, Protestant 40%, other 5%, no religion 8.3% Syria Islam 90%, Christian 10% Taiwan Buddhist 4.86 million, Taoist 3.3 million, Protestant 422,000, Catholic 304,000 Tajikistan Sunni Muslim 80% Tanzania Christian 40%, Muslim 33% Thailand Buddhist 94.4%, Islam 4%, Hindu 1.1%, Christian 0.5% Togo Indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Islam 10% Tonga Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents Trinidad and Tobago Roman Catholic 33%, Hindu 25%, Anglican 15%, other Christian 14%, Muslim 6% Tunisia Islam (Sunni) 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish, less than 1% Turkey Islam (mostly Sunni) 98% Turkmenistan Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2% Tuvalu Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97% Uganda Christian 66%, Islam 16% Ukraine Orthodox 76%, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate) 13.5%, Jewish 2.3%, Baptist, Mennonite, Protestant, and Muslim 8.2% United Arab Emirates Islam (Sunni 80%, Shi'ite 16%), others 4% United Kingdom Church of England (established church), Church of Wales (disestablished), Church of Scotland (established church—Presbyterian), Church of Ireland (disestablished), Roman Catholic, Methodist, Congregational, Baptist, Jewish United States Protestant, 61%; Roman Catholic, 25%; Jewish, 2%; other, 5%; none, 7% Uruguay Roman Catholic 66%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 2% Uzbekistan Muslim (mostly Sunnis) 88%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3% Vanuatu Presbyterian 36.7%, Roman Catholic 15%, Anglican 15%, other Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, other 15.7% Vatican City (Holy See) Roman Catholic. Venezuela Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2% Vietnam Buddhist, Roman Catholic, Islam, Taoist, Confucian, Animist Western Sahara (proposed state) Muslim Yemen Islam (Sunni and Shi'ite) Yugoslavia Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11% Zambia Christian 50%–75%, Islam and Hindu 24$–49%, remainder indigenous beliefs Zimbabwe Christian 25%, Animist 24%, Syncretic 50%